Provides guidelines, recommended practices and other useful information for the safe shipping, receiving, loading, unloading and maintenance relevant to handling sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution in cargo tanks. This pamphlet also refers to the applicable regulatory requirements.

This pamphlet intends to provide general guidance and source information for chlorine producers and consumers for the effective containment and treatment of their gaseous chlorine effluents. The information in this pamphlet is written primarily for sodium hydroxide solutions and their reactions with chlorine. However, selected properties of some other chemicals can be found in Appendix B.

(47 pages)

This pamphlet is in a checklist format and is designed primarily for use by chlorine packagers. However, by skipping irrelevant sections it can be used as a tool for chlorine distributors, sodium hypochlorite manufacturers, and chlorine tank car users to evaluate the chlorine handling part of their processes. Not all items included in this checklist are Chlorine Institute guidelines or legal requirements. Some are provided to make the user aware of options they may not have considered until now and may wish to incorporate in their operations(s).  

(13 pages)

This publication is intended to provide useful information concerning the storage and piping of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solutions. This pamphlet's  objective is to offer practical suggestions in the design, construction and operation of systems suitable for 50% (and less) plus 73% solutions of sodium hydroxide, and for 50% (and less) solutions of potassium hydroxide. The requirements of anhydrous sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide have not been considered.

(72 pages)

This pamphlet is intended to provide manufacturers, packagers, and consumers of chlorine with practical information that can be used to improve safety and environmental performance by helping to prevent failures and minimize fugitive emissions from gasketed connections in dry and wet chlorine service.  The pamphlet provides guidance for gasket material selection and gasket installation.  This pamphlet lists gaskets that have found user acceptance in chlorine service.  NOTE: The Chlorine Institute does not approve, rate, certify or endorse any gasket.  The information on gaskets and gasket materials contained in this pamphlet reflects information obtained from member companies in their use and/or evaluation of the gasket or gasket material.  

(20 pages)

Contains information for the safe production, handling and use of both industrial and household strength bleach solutions. Provides basic information on useful physical and chemical properties, as well as compatible materials, handling systems and pertinent analytical procedures, emergency response, stability factors, and security issues.

(87 pages)

Provides guidelines, recommended practices and other useful information for the safe shipping, receiving, loading, unloading and maintenance relevant to handling hydrochloric acid in tank cars. This pamphlet also refers to the applicable regulatory requirements.

(111 pages)

This pamphlet provides information regarding electrical safety, including identification of hazards, electrical health effects on the body, preventative measures, and first aid, for those responsible for operations and maintenance in chlor-alkali facilities.

(47 pages)

This pamphlet provides guidelines, recommended practices and other useful information for the safe shipping, handling (including loading and unloading) and receiving of hydrochloric acid in bulk highway transports. This pamphlet also refers to the applicable regulatory requirements. 

(68 pages)

This pamphlet provides useful information to producers, distributors, repackagers, and users of chlorine. It discusses nitrogen trichloride, a trace impurity commonly found in chlorine that could lead to the explosive decomposition of nitrogen trichloride in chlorine containing systems, including nitrogen trichloride properties, hazard awareness, controls, and formation prevention.

(24 pages)

Provides basic information on chlorine safety and handling necessary for treatment plant personnel and other users of cylinders or ton containers.

(61 pages)

Provides useful information concerning the storage and piping of hydrochloric acid solutions and offers practical suggestions in the design, construction and operation of these systems.

(52 pages)

This pamphlet is intended to provide information to producers, users, and handlers of chlorine and/or 50% sodium and potassium hydroxides concerning the compatibility of these two substances with a variety of materials and their reactivity with other chemicals. The information considers only those materials and chemicals typically found in facilities producing, using, or otherwise handling chlorine and/or sodium and potassium hydroxide and is not meant to be an exhaustive list. This pamphlet is not intended to provide detailed technical information needed by process engineers nor is it intended to provide economic evaluations of compatible materials. While the information provided should be of help to emergency responders, this pamphlet is not intended to provide technical guidance to the first persons on the scene in an emergency response. This pamphlet does not address nitrogen trichloride.

(47 pages)

This pamphlet is intended to assist the chlor-alkali industry in management of instrumentation systems. It includes information on the design as well as the maintenance of the instrumentation systems. It provides guidance on the selection of materials, the selection of primary elements and control devices, and the design and installation of instrumentation, including the sensing lines for wet and dry chlorine gas and dry liquid chlorine service. Only critical instrumentation issues related to chlorine applications are addressed. The recommendations of this pamphlet are based on the experience of chlorine producers and consumers and represent current industry practices. It is not the intent of this pamphlet to limit the use of specific materials or instruments, provided they have been engineered for the specific design conditions and the particular requirements of chlorine service. This pamphlet does not address sample collection equipment, chlorine analysis equipment, or general instrumentation practices. However, operators of chlorine systems should consider the need for on-line (continuous) analysis of the chlorine for impurities such as nitrogen trichloride, water, or hydrogen, and follow up with research of the various analyzer manufacturers available. It also includes information on the elements of an effective maintenance program. 

(25 pages)

Provides performance/selection criteria to identify valves other than the ‘standard’ suitable for use on bulk liquid chlorine transportation equipment. An appendix includes information on valves that meet these criteria. Includes drawings from four valve suppliers.

(33 pages)

This pamphlet summarizes several incidents that have occurred in chlorine production, chlorine packaging, sodium hypochlorite production and user facilities pertaining to the chlor-alkali industry. The pamphlet now includes incident information on accidental mixing and downstream chlorine inhalation incidents. No nitrogen trichloride incidents are included.

(41 pages)